Study on the fears of returning to Shankal after the urging

Causes and Solutions

an introduction

Before the night of August 3, 2014 was living in Shankal a number of religions and nationalities and doctrines was the religion of Yazidis as the majority and the religion of Islam and Christianity fewer and Sunnis and Shiites and Shabak and other nationalities were living these Iraqi communities well compared to other rural areas in Iraq, has entrusted a decade of time After the American war in 2003 was the best in its history in terms of scientific progress and well-being in life as the area entered the stage of urbanization and progress and lived the population of Shankal period in an excellent manner in terms of the large number of vehicles and the transformation of houses to cement after they were all mud houses and also from The scientific situation has increased as the number of people interested in science and people are sending their children to schools after the scientific level was low due to work and the physical condition is weak and also became the social situation between the religious communities and sectarian well and there were no problems except some minor problems and people in Shankal lived a spirit of love and peace The Yezidi community in its pure spirit and Muslims there was an example of love and peace in Iraq and a basis for coexistence and brotherhood that may have been absent in the majority of regions in Iraq, especially the people of rural areas. After that night, the majority of the population of this region fled to Kurdistan after attacking the district of Shankal and was able to control it completely. The Yezidis were the biggest victim, where they brought thousands of victims from the daughters of Sabaya and men of martyrs and kidnapped from all age groups and nationality. The people of the region with an advocate and became partners in the most heinous crimes of murder, looting and captivity and other crimes against the Yazidis, which bends to her forehead.

At this time, everyone is wondering how will the living conditions in Shankal between the people of the Yazidis and those who collaborated with Da'ash and caused the crimes and who were from the people of the region before? !! The community is afraid of the post-sectarian fears among the citizens of the city in terms of sectarian conflicts and the problems between them because of the support of their supporters. Therefore, we considered it necessary to prepare this school on the fears of return after the urging and seeking to identify those fears and give suggestions and solutions .

Research questions

How dangerous is the return in terms of sectarian conflicts?
2 - What are the reasons for the danger of return after the urging?

Search goal

This research aims to know the seriousness of the situation of the problems and sectarian conflicts between components of the Sinjar and seek solutions and proposals to reduce or reduce those problems and conflicts, and to take these possibilities into account and look for future plans to prevent the occurrence of what we fear, as this case is The most important thing that must be directed to the political views and actions of the government in terms of gravity and prevent the occurrence of things may not be the aftermath of extremism and the problems of religious and political as well as national blocs of parties and religious communities may lead to a crisis or perhaps more tragic than the return of the people of Shankal to the entire disaster area, It's about YAH innocent communities and people who are not powerless form part of this nation.

Methods of data collection

Direct interview.
Focus Groups (Fox Crop)
The research sample

The sample of this study included 51 people

Of the displaced people of Shankal who are located within the province of Dohuk and participated in the search of the religion of Yezidis and Islamic and of both sexes as shown in the appendix his ears:

Number of participants

Sex

percentage

Male

64%

female

36%

Religion

Yazidi

66%

Muslim

34%

Age

20-24 years

51%

25-29 years

33%

30-35 years

16%

Educational level

15th

29%

15th

diploma

29%

preparatory

42%

Percentage of the sample by sex, religion, age and educational level

Research questions

Below is a sample through which questions were presented to participants Study:

We at Pax Netherlands are preparing a study on "Concerns about Returning to Shankal Post-Urgent." The research has nothing to do with politics, and not with any government body, aimed at identifying the concerns of return and giving suggestions and recommendations on this phenomenon.

Please let us know your opinion and answer the questions below and we promise you after revealing your name or any information about you for your safety and avoiding harassment. Thank you very much for your cooperation and cooperation.

Participant Information

Age: Gender: Male Female Religion: Yazidi Muslim

Education Level: Bachelors Degree or higher

questions

What causes sectarian conflicts?
What are the problems that are expected to occur after the return?
Are there problems that occurred between the people of Shankal before returning (during the displacement)? And how?
What are the obstacles that may prevent Yazidis from returning to Shakal after the call?
What measures should the government take after the return of the people to Shankal?
How effective is the survival of Yazidi women in the hands of an organization that advocates the issue of return and stability?
What is the possibility of the return of the people after the liberation of Shankal?
The risk of return in terms of sectarian conflicts between Yezidis and Muslims?
What are the most important proposals in the light of which the Yazidis can return to Shankal after an urgent?

Analyze the results of the questions

This study is based on (9) questions related to the concerns Return to Shankal After collecting all the opinions of the participants and analyzing the results obtained from them, the results obtained from the study questions which were answered by the research sample can be summarized as follows:

What causes sectarian conflicts?
Multiparty parties and conflicts among themselves after the liberation of Shankal.
The weak role of the government in the judiciary and its inability to protect its people.
Marginalization of the role of the component at the expense of the other component.
The dominance of religious and political institutions over civil and governmental institutions
Failure to hold accountable the defaulters and collaborators with the advocate and the absence of the rule of law and the judiciary.
The possible assassination of sects and religions in the region.
Marginalization of the role of educators and educational and cultural institutions.
The weak role of the administrative and military authority in the region.

What are the problems that are expected to occur after the return?
Racial problems between Sunni Arab Yazidis on the one hand and Sunni Arabs and Shiites on the other.
Fear of indiscriminate assassination.
Conflicts and political conflicts in the region.
Economic problems after returning because of the many unemployed in the region.
Conflicts between the central and regional government over power
Are there problems that occurred between the people of Shankal before returning (during the displacement)? And how?

Number of participants

Yeah

the reasons

Religious extremism and the discourse of religious men

Not accepting the other and the influence of political parties and parties

What are the obstacles that may prevent Yazidis from returning to Shakal after the call?
Lack of security, safety and protection of citizens.
Destruction of infrastructure and lack of services.
Do not hold collaborators accountable to the people of the region.
Not releasing the abducted and kidnapped Yazidis from the grip of a terrorist organization.
The traces left behind by an advocate in the area of mines and explosives.
If the compensation is not compensated, it will affect the return of the residents.
National and religious conflicts among the people of the region.
Not to secure the Syrian and Iraqi borders because Shankal lies on the border of the Syrian-Iraqi.
Lack of service projects benefit the economic situation in the judiciary.
What measures should the government take after the return of the people to Shankal?
The application of the law and the accounting of the defaulters and collaborators with the advocate.
Compensation for the victims and victims of genocide.
Establish health centers and provide basic services in Shankal.
Ensure the right to education and raise its level in the region.
Focus on civil and governmental power and non-influence of religious and tribal authority
Establishment of legal committees for affected and affected areas
Provide job opportunities and increase employment in Shankal
The establishment of a legitimate military force of the people of the region to protect Shankal
Open cultural and social centers and rehabilitate the community psychologically
How effective is the survival of Yazidi women in the hands of an organization that advocates the issue of return and stability?
Their survival has had a radical impact on the cohesion of families and hence their return to their areas.
Has a negative impact on the future peaceful coexistence between the people of the region and their neighbors.
Leaving psychological effects in the psyche of the people.
Their lack of return means that there is a sense of revenge within society.
What is the possibility of the return of the people after the liberation of Shankal?

Number of participants

Probability of return

20%

15th

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

The risk of return in terms of sectarian conflicts between Yezidis and Muslims?

Number of participants

Risk Ratio

10%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

What are the most important proposals in the light of which the Yazidis can return to Shankal after an urgent?
Providing international protection for the region, compensating the citizens financially and morally, and rebuilding infrastructure.
Consider what happened to the Yezidis Genocide (genocide).
The release of abductees and abductees from jails and compensating those affected.
Accounting losers in the fall of Shankal and the collaborators with a hasty.
Providing job opportunities, job grades, opening appointments and special grades for Yazidis in various fields.
Consider regional, self-managed and regional and international support.
Isolation of the areas of the Yazidis from neighboring Arabs and linking the area of Tel Azir and its affiliated villages in the district of Shankal district.
The development of health services in Shankal and the establishment of health centers and hospitals as well as the construction of universities (postgraduate).
Victims of genocide are considered martyrs and their rights recognized.
Clear the area of explosives
Allowing Yezidis to form their own entity
Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

Through the analysis of data and research questions can be extracted from the conclusion of the study by: -

The occurrence of sectarian conflicts due to non-accountability of collaborators, multiparty parties and weak administrative and governmental authority in the region and the dominance of religious and political institutions.
Obstacles to return: insecurity, lack of compensation for those affected and reconstruction of infrastructure, as well as the effects left behind by a call in the region of mines and explosives.
Nebessa return: The sample of the research shows that about 60% of the people of Shankal Yinon return to Shankal after the liberation of the region.
Risk Ratio: According to the opinion of the research sample and their point of view, the risk of return is very large, up to 80%.

Recommendations

The application of the law and the accounting of the defaulters and collaborators with the establishment and establishment of legal committees for affected and affected areas.
To work on what happened to the Yezidis Genocide (genocide) and to provide international protection for the region and to compensate the victims and the victims of genocide.
To work hard to free the abductees and abductees from prisons, calling the victims of genocide genocide and recognizing their rights.
Clearing the area of explosives and establishing a legitimate military force from the people of the area to protect Shankal.
Isolating the areas of the Yezidis from neighboring Arabs and allowing Yezidis to form their own entity.
Provide employment opportunities and job grades and open the appointment and ensure the right to education and raise the level in the region.
The provision of basic services and the development of the health service and the establishment of health centers and hospitals, as well as the opening of cultural and social centers and rehabilitation of the community psychologically.